Linkage analysis of susceptibility loci in 2 target chromosomes in pedigrees with paranoid schizophrenia and undifferentiated schizophrenia / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship of susceptibility loci in chromosomes 1q21-25 and 6p21-25 and schizophrenia subtypes in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A genomic scan and parametric and non-parametric analyses were performed on 242 individuals from 36 schizophrenia pedigrees, including 19 paranoid schizophrenia and 17 undifferentiated schizophrenia pedigrees, from Henan province of China using 5 microsatellite markers in the chromosome region 1q21-25 and 8 microsatellite markers in the chromosome region 6p21-25, which were the candidates of previous studies. All affected subjects were diagnosed and typed according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revised (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000). All subjects signed informed consent.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In chromosome 1, parametric analysis under the dominant inheritance mode of all 36 pedigrees showed that the maximum multi-point heterogeneity Log of odds score method (HLOD) score was 1.33 (α = 0.38). The non-parametric analysis and the single point and multi-point nonparametric linkage (NPL) scores suggested linkage at D1S484, D1S2878, and D1S196. In the 19 paranoid schizophrenias pedigrees, linkage was not observed for any of the 5 markers. In the 17 undifferentiated schizophrenia pedigrees, the multi-point NPL score was 1.60 (P= 0.0367) at D1S484. The single point NPL score was 1.95(P= 0.0145) and the multi-point NPL score was 2.39 (P= 0.0041) at D1S2878. Additionally, the multi-point NPL score was 1.74 (P= 0.0255) at D1S196. These same three loci showed suggestive linkage during the integrative analysis of all 36 pedigrees. In chromosome 6, parametric linkage analysis under the dominant and recessive inheritance and the non-parametric linkage analysis of all 36 pedigrees and the 17 undifferentiated schizophrenia pedigrees, linkage was not observed for any of the 8 markers. In the 19 paranoid schizophrenias pedigrees, parametric analysis showed that under recessive inheritance mode the maximum single-point HLOD score was 1.26 (α = 0.40) and the multi-point HLOD was 1.12 (α = 0.38) at D6S289 in the chromosome 6p23. In nonparametric analysis, the single-point NPL score was 1.52 (P= 0.0402) and the multi-point NPL score was 1.92 (P= 0.0206) at D6S289.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Susceptibility genes correlated with undifferentiated schizophrenia pedigrees from D1S484, D1S2878, D1S196 loci, and those correlated with paranoid schizophrenia pedigrees from D6S289 locus are likely present in chromosome regions 1q23.3 and 1q24.2, and chromosome region 6p23, respectively.</p>

Development and challenge of modified hemoglobins as red blood cell substitutes / 生物工程学报

The problems of blood shortage and the virus infection risk of blood transfusion have promoted the study of blood substitutes. Modified hemoglobin has become the focus of the challenges research because of its excellent oxygen carrying ability. To overcome the toxicity effect on direct use of purified native hemoglobin, various modification technologies have been developed, including diaspirin cross-linking, glutaraldehyde polymerization, O-raffinose polymerization, polyethylene glycol conjugation, liposome encapsulation and biodegradable polymer encapsulation. Some of the products have been in clinical trials, and one of the products has been approved in a country for clinical use. Research on red blood cell substitutes in China has also developed fast. This paper provides an overview of the history and current status in development of different hemoglobin-based red blood cell substitutes, especially the problems encountered, the challenges faced, and the prospects in future.

Simultaneous purification of superoxide dismutase, catalase and hemoglobin from bovine erythrocyte lysate with PEG 600 as chaperon / 生物工程学报

Superoxide dismutase, catalase and hemoglobin were purified simultaneously from the same batch of bovine erythrocyte lysate. The process involves an initial anion exchange chromatography, followed by a hydrophobic interaction chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. 0.75% polyethylene glycol 600 was added as a purification chaperon before the anion exchange chromatography. The hemoglobin fraction passed through the ion exchange column without being retained. The superoxide dismutase and catalase were adsorbed by the column and were eluted separately during elution. The two eluted fractions containing crude superboxide dismutase and catalase were further purified with hydrophobic interaction chromatography and gel filtration chromatography in sequence. The specific activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were 15932u/mg and 65918u/mg, respectively. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography were used to analyze the purity of the proteins. The purity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and hemoglobin were 77.6%, 81.9% and 99.9%, respectively. The total recoveries for superoxide dismutase, catalase and hemoglobin were 47.4%, 29.6% and 88.7%, respectively.

Progress in purification of human serum albumin / 生物工程学报

Human serum albumin(HSA) has been used clinically to treat a number of diseases with high dosage. Extremely pure puoduct is required in large-scale production. Plasma-derived HSA(pHSA) has long been produced by precipitation methods. Among them cold ethanol precipitation is dominant. However, chromatographic purification of HSA has been increasingly studied in the last few years. Application of chromatography, especially ionexchange, affinity, and size-exclusion, has opened a new area in the production of pHSA. A new challenge is the purification of recombinant HSA(rHSA). A successful approach involves STREAMLINE expanded bed adsorption to direct capture the target product from the fermentation broth. This novel process eliminates the need to separate the cells by centrifugation or membrane filtration. Ion exchange chromatography and hydrophobic chromatography play a central role in the purification scheme. Integration with other chromatographic techniques such as size-exclusion, metal chelate, and affinity gives improved purification results. Though innovative, the purification of rHSA still needs further improvement and optimization to increase product purity and process recovery.